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Indeed, CF is optimally supported by the coordinated involvement of several subdomains of executive function, such as working memory and inhibitory control 10. Therefore, elucidating methods underlying the modulation of CF is crucial and valuable to a multitude of fields.ĬF is conceived as an emergent property of efficient executive functions, entailing the reconfiguring of one’s behavioral policy to accomplish a new goal.

Besides being essential to optimal functioning, many mental disorders, such as psychotic illness 8 and autism 9, are marked by a lack of CF. As such, CF is considered a fundamental component of cognitive systems, promoting positive life outcomes 6 and playing a major role in the reduction of aging effects due to cognitive decline 7. As the hallmark of creative problem solving, CF enables the generation of original and useful solutions to ill-posed problems 3, 4, 5. This suggests that simulated altered perceptual phenomenology enhances cognitive flexibility, presumably due to a reorganization in the cognitive dynamics that facilitates the exploration of uncommon decision strategies and inhibits automated choices.Ĭognitive flexibility (CF) is commonly defined as the ability to shift attention between competing concepts and alternate behavioral policies to meet rapidly changing environmental demands 1, 2. Crucially, following the simulated psychedelic exposure, individuals also show an attenuated contribution of the automatic process and chaotic dynamics underlying the decision process. Results show that the estimated semantic network has a flexible structure when preceded by altered videos. To address this, we measure participants’ cognitive flexibility through behavioral tasks after the exposure to virtual reality panoramic videos and their hallucinatory-like counterparts generated by the DeepDream algorithm. Despite proof suggesting phenomenological similarities between artificially-induced and actual psychedelic altered perception, experimental evidence is still lacking about whether the former is also able to modulate cognitive flexibility. Historically, psychedelic drugs are known to modulate cognitive flexibility, a central aspect of cognition permitting adaptation to changing environmental demands.

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